Teeth Abrasion and Erosion

Teeth Abrasion and Erosion

Abrasion and erosion are two types of damage that can wear away the tooth's outer covering, the enamel. Sometimes they also affect deeper parts of the tooth.

Tooth abrasion is caused by something rubbing or scraping against the teeth. Brushing too hard is a common cause of abrasion. Toothpicks can cause abrasion. So can partial dentures or retainers that you can remove.

Chemicals such as acids cause tooth erosion. Usually the acids are in citrus fruits and other foods. Stomach acids also can cause erosion if they come up into the throat and mouth. This problem is called acid reflux. People with the eating disorder bulimia can get tooth erosion because of repeated vomiting. Even the chlorine and other chemicals in a swimming pool can cause erosion over time.

Symptoms

Toothbrush abrasion causes V-shaped notches in the lower third of the teeth, near the gumline. Notches made by toothpicks may occur between the teeth. In contrast, tooth erosion leaves a smooth, scooped out area on the tooth surface.
Both abrasion and erosion can make teeth more sensitive to sweet, hot or cold food and drinks. The problem may be worse if the dentin under the enamel is exposed. Dentin protects the innermost part of the tooth, the pulp, which contains nerves and blood vessels.
Abrasion and erosion also can affect how your teeth look.

Diagnosis

Your dentist can examine your teeth to see if you have tooth abrasion or erosion. Sometimes they are diagnosed after the teeth become sensitive to temperature or sweet foods.

Treatment

Treatment for erosion and abrasion depends on how bad the damage is. If you have a large defect, you'll likely want to have the tooth fixed. If there is little damage, and your tooth is not sensitive, you may not need treatment.
For sensitive teeth, your dentist may recommend a fluoride gel or rinse to use at home. If you need your teeth fixed, your dentist will use a tooth-colored material to replace the area that has worn away. Two types of materials are used:

Composites (plastic fillings)
Glass ionomers
Your dentist or dental hygienist may also apply a fluoride varnish to the teeth.


Prognosis

The prognosis is excellent if the problem is caught early, and the cause is eliminated. If the process is allowed to continue, it can damage the center of the tooth, the pulp. The more damage is done, the more work will be needed to correct the problem.